The Female Entrepreneurship in Comparison to Its Male Counterparts in Essay

The Female Entrepreneurship in Comparison to Its Male Counterparts in UK - Essay Example The involvement of women in entrepreneurship is crucial for the growth of every nation's economy. In the UK, women gained the right to vote only in 1918 (Peele, 2004 p251). This shows that women were marginalized in the past and were prevented from taking a full and active part of the economy. However, ninety years after women gained the right to vote in Britain, the lot of women has increased significantly. In the 1970s, women became more proactive in matters relating to entrepreneurship. This paper examines the trends in the increase in the numbers of women involved in entrepreneurship in the UK since the 1970s. It identifies the core concepts of and theories of female entrepreneurship in relationship to changes in trends and improvement the bridging of gaps between UK female entrepreneurs and their male counterparts. It also evaluates the elements of female entrepreneurship in Britain in relation to female entrepreneurship in other nations around the world. Theories of Female Entr epreneurship Female entrepreneurship is a combination of structured and chaotic methods which lead to women establishing and running businesses (Ho Chu, 2004 p111). This means that there are two main ways that female entrepreneurship comes up. In the first route, female entrepreneurship is a conscious effort made by females to set up businesses by learning the art and science of entrepreneurship. This way, there are structured methods and means that enable women to set up businesses. On the other hand, Casson et al (2008) identify that most women find themselves in entrepreneurial positions by circumstances which lead them to take up business ownership positions around the world. Thus, in this context, female entrepreneurship is simply seen as a phenomenon whereby women establish or gain ownership of businesses in a given nation. This conception, therefore, views the process through which females get to rise to this level. Another view put forward by Carter (2005 p11) is that female entrepreneurship can best be evaluated and understood if it is viewed in direct contrast to male entrepreneurship. In this vein, Carter begins her thesis by stating that entrepreneurship has been traditionally viewed as a man's thing. As such, the involvement of females is a study that is meant to bridge the gap that has been created by the stereotypes that have existed in society for generations. Whereas the first view examines the procedure through which a woman acquires the position of entrepreneurship, the second view tries to view the whole concept of female entrepreneurship as a method of reducing the injustices of the male-dominated society. Thus, the second view diagnoses the reasons why women are not often seen in business ownership roles and try to find ways of addressing the issue. This has been seen as a feminist position because it adopts a conflicting position to the status quo and demands some degree of recognition of women through positive discriminatory measures wh ere necessary (Greer & Greene, 2004). Either way, the fundamental view of female entrepreneurship is to identify the characteristics, training and innovation systems that are necessary to keep females in business ownership roles (Ho Chu, 2004). It involves amongst other things, the motivation, expertise, and expectations that female entrepreneurship adds up to society (Carter & William, 2003).

Contemporary auditing and risk management Essay

Contemporary auditing and risk management - Essay Example In the event that our application is not complied with, we ought to cease to act as auditor to your company or to support the company in any revenue or tax matter. We must convey a copy of our resignation to an applicable office of the Revenue Commissioners within 14 days. We ought to report material pertinent offences to the administrator of the company in writing, in a period 6 months. Our costs or fees are calculated on the basis of the period spent on your matters by our staff and partners, and on the levels of expertize and obligation involved and expenses incurred and VAT. We shall not reveal, to potential competitors or third party, confidential information attained in during our professional duty without your permission unless a legal right to disclose. Under the law of our institution, we obliged to avail all documents available for scrutiny in the course of a general practice review. Where the engagement is dismissed the constitutional provisions governing dismissal or term ination of auditors in accordance to the Companies Act, shall apply. When we as auditors cease to continue in office, we have an obligation to notify UK Auditing and Accounting Supervisory Consultant within one month after the date of cessation. Once this letter has been approved, it will remain operative, from one audit employment to another, till it is replaced. We shall be thankful if you could sanction in writing your pact to the terms of our engagement letter, by appending your signature and returning copy of this letter, or inform us if they are not in accordance with your comprehension of our terms of appointment. Yours faithfully, _______________________ Loughran and Shrives Chartered Accountants We approve to the terms of this letter. ______________________________________ Signed for and on behalf of Land Securities Group Plc. Ethical Issues for New Clients Leaflet Study Title: Ethical Issues for New Clients Leaflet Firm: Loughran and Shrives Chartered Accountants Client: L and Securities Group Plc Ethical auditing is a procedure which examines the internal and external reliability of a company's values base. The key ideas are that it must be value-linked, and that it integrates a stakeholder method. Its purposes are two-fold: It is envisioned for transparency and accountability towards stakeholders and it is anticipated for internal regulation, to meet the moral objectives of the company. The importance of the moral audit is that it empowers the company to evaluate itself through a diversity of lenses: it incarcerations the company's ethical profile. Compliance with moral requirements involves: independence of a company with ethical standards supporting all stakeholders. Integrity of all the undertakings; where confidentiality, transparency, and accountability upheld. Objectivity and Professional Competence are added values. Our firm has been tested for the above ethical issues and proven fit of all. If you need any additional information now or at an y moment in the future, please contact: Name: Address: Phone No: Internal Control and Risk Management Letter The findings of the Cadbury Board provided an outline for corporate control which has become the foundation for the